English language

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1- Singular nouns:
We put an s in plural.
If the end in s, z, x, ch, or sh, the plural form end in es,
and we obtain one more syllable.
Examples:
Box (one syllable): boxes (two syllables) 
Bush: bushes  - bus: buses - quiz: quizzes 

We have the same rule to build  the verb in the simple 
present  in the third person (with: He, She and It)
Examples:
To fix: he fixes  - To search: She searches


2- Suffix added to a base word:
No change
Examples:
Un + happy = unhappy
Re + use = reuse 


3- Prefix added to a base word:

3- 1- Word ends in a consonant and y:
Y is changed into I
Examples:
Busy + ness: business
Easy + est: easiest

No change if the suffix begins in I (as ing)
Examples:
Ly + ing :Lying, 
justify + ing : justifying
 
3- 2- Word that ends in a vowel and y: 
No change, except daily.
Examples:
Buy: buying
Display :displaying
Boy: boys

 

4- Suffix that begins with a vowel: ( able, ing, est, ed)

Added to a base word that has a silent e at the end, 
drop the silent e.
Examples:
Give: giving  -  bite: biting  


5- Suffix that begins with a consonant: ( ment) 
Do not drop the silent e.
Examples:
Move: movement (ment begins in consonant)

Exception for the words that end in ge or ce. 
In this case we do drop e.

(Except acknowledgement and judgement). 
 

6- CVC 
(CVC = consonant + vowel + consonant)
If a suffix is added to a one-syllable base word that ends in CVC, 
the last consonant is doubled. 
Examples:
Shop: shopping  - sit: sitting

Except: The letters w, x and y. They are not doubled. 

 If the word contains more than one syllable ending in
CVC, and if the last syllable is stressed when the suffix is added,
In this case the last consonant is doubled.
Examples:
Forgetting - permitted  - preferable


7- Ei or ie:
When ei and ie are pronounced like the ee in seen, the general rule is 
Use i before e when ei or ie are pronounced [ee], except after c.
Examples:
believe 
But:
deceive, receive