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Find the simple past and the past participle of an irregular verb. Enter its infinitive without the preposition "to":
                   
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DASH --


The dash is represented by two hyphens with no space 
around them (--).
A dash may be used:
  • To separate two clauses when the second amplifies or restates the first

    Example:

    The shirt was very cheap-- the cost was ten dollars.
  • When the enclosed element contains internal commas

    Example:

    The devices--processor, modem, hard disk, and cards--are the essential elements in this computer.
  • Before a summary of preceding details in a sentence

    Example:

    Processor, hard disk, and modem--These are the typical devices he needs to change.
  • To separates a group of antecedents from their pronoun that is the subject of the sentence.

    Example:

    Car, plane, train--these are the possible means of transportation in this town.
  • To enclose elements those need emphasis.

    Example:

    We are--human being--greedy.
  • To show a sudden change in structure of a sentence

    Example:

    He failed the exam--the final rectification will be held soon--which the first question was about how to know without learning.
  • Make an appositive more emphatic

    Example:

    There is a simply way to have a success-- the knowledge.
  • Enclose a complete sentence that interrupts another

    Example:

    The car that we have seen yesterday costs a lot -is made in Germany. In this case, (- is an en dash, not a hyphen. A dash is called also an em dash) Commas are insufficient to enclose an interrupting sentence; dashes or parentheses are necessary.
  • To connect a unit modifier with a two-word or hyphenated elements

    Example:

    Saint John--Vancouver distance Fifteen-years-old--mother-in-low relationship
  • To separate, in list, the item from a descriptive statement

    Example:

    They were supposed to bring: 1- Flour--Four pounds in one box. 2- Milk--The fresh one. 3- Eggs--Big, small and medium.
  • To Indicate inclusive or continuing numbers or dates

    Example:

    Read all the pages: 10--19 Sept--Apr. But it is not correct with from . . . to . . . or a between . . . and . . . construction.
  • To show vague or unlimited dates

    Example:

    1945-- 600 to 199--
  • To separate a title and subtitle

    Example:

    Prepositions with time--How to use preposition-- have been understood.
  • To emphasize an explanation (more than a comma or a semicolon) with the words: namely, that is and for example

    Example:

    They are many strong words in her email--for example, I hate to be discovered.
NOTE:
  • Commas indicate only a little separation within the sentence.
  • Dashes emphasize the element enclosed and clarify its meaning when It contains internal commas.
  • Parentheses indicate that the enclosed element is only freely connected to the rest of the sentence.
  • The colon or semicolon may also be used for this purpose. The dash is more emphatic than the semicolon.


Abder. Ajaja - © - All rights reserved 2002.
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