Geometrical Optics:
Geometrical Optics & Physics Optics.
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Huygens Principle:

Wavefronts.
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Reflection:

The first law of Geometrical Optics.
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Refraction:

The second law of Geometrical Optics: Snell's law.
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Critical angle:

Internal total reflection.
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images formed by reflection

Spherical concave mirrors. Mirror equation.
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images formed by refraction

Spherical convex mirrors ..
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Fermat's principle:

Fermat's principle for reflection and refraction..
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lenses:

Thin lenses and Lens-makers' equation ..
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prism:

Prism, colors minimum deviation ..
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Human eye:

near point, far point, nearsightedness, farsightedness..
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Microscope:

Microscope: simple, compound, and magnification..
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Telescope:

Telescope: magnification..
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Resolution:

optical microscope, electron microscope ..
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dispersion:

dispersion, more about the refractive index, and colors of a prism ..
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parallel sheet:

deviation by a parallel sheet ..
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thin films :

thin films and Newton's rings..
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Newton's rings:

thin films and Newton's rings..
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Descartes rainbow:

Primary and secondary rainbows ..
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Some applications

More fun with Optics ..
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Optics calculator:

Optics calculator: all the related calculations ..
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home

The fundamental, and just this ..
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scientificSentence

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Geometrical Optics
Optics -     Geometrical Optics
More fun ..





1. Refraction across a 30o prism


We want to find the angular displacement θ3 of the ray after having passed through the prism.

We have
θ1 = 90o - 60o = 30o

According Snell's law, we have:
1 sin θ1 = 1.5 sin θ2

Therefore
sin θ2 = (1/1.5) sin 30o = 0.333
θ2 = 19.50o

(90 - 19.50) + 30 = 180 - (90 - θ3)
(90 - 19.50) + 30 = 180 - (90 - θ3)
θ3 = 10.53

According Snell's law, we have:

1.5 sin θ3 = 1 sin θ4
1.5 sin(10.53) = sin θ4
sin θ4 = 0.27

θ4 = 15.90o





2. Brewster Angle


The Brewster angle is the angle of incidence that corresponds to the reflected ray perpendicular to the refracted ray.

We want to find the relationship between θ1 and the two refraction indexex n1 and n2.

We have

θ1 + θ2 = 90o

According Snell's law, we have:
n1 sin θ1 = n2 sin θ2

Therefore
n1 sin θ1 = n2 sin θ2 = n2 sin (90 - θ1)
= n2 cos θ1

Hence; tan θ1 = n2/n1

tan θ1 = n2/n1









 

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