Geometrical Optics:
Geometrical Optics & Physics Optics.
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Huygens Principle:

Wavefronts.
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Reflection:

The first law of Geometrical Optics.
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Refraction:

The second law of Geometrical Optics: Snell's law.
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Critical angle:

Internal total reflection.
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images formed by reflection

Spherical concave mirrors. Mirror equation.
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images formed by refraction

Spherical convex mirrors ..
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Fermat's principle:

Fermat's principle for reflection and refraction..
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lenses:

Thin lenses and Lens-makers' equation ..
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prism:

Prism, colors minimum deviation ..
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Human eye:

near point, far point, nearsightedness, farsightedness..
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Microscope:

Microscope: simple, compound, and magnification..
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Telescope:

Telescope: magnification..
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Resolution:

optical microscope, electron microscope ..
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dispersion:

dispersion, more about the refractive index, and colors of a prism ..
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parallel sheet:

deviation by a parallel sheet ..
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thin films :

thin films and Newton's rings..
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Newton's rings:

thin films and Newton's rings..
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Descartes rainbow:

Primary and secondary rainbows ..
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Some applications

More fun with Optics ..
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Optics calculator:

Optics calculator: all the related calculations ..
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home

The fundamental, and just this ..
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scientificSentence

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Geometrical Optics: Images formed by refraction
Optics -     Geometrical Optics..





Images formed by refraction:


The paraxial ray PA refracts and becomes AP'. All the related angles are small; then their sin is equal to their measure radian. The Snell's law is then written as: n1 i = n2 r

We have:
φ + β = i
β = r + α

n1 (φ + β ) = n2 (β - α)
(n2 - n1) β = n1 φ + n2 α

φ = AV/s
α = AV/s'
β = AV/R

(n2 - n1)/R = n1/s + n2/s'

                (n2 - n1)/R = n1/s + n2/s'



 

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