preface 
 
  prepositions  
 
  numbers  
 
  unicode  
 
  irregulars  
 
  idioms  
 
  proverbs  
 
  contact  
 
  home  
 

Find the simple past and the past participle of an irregular verb. Enter its infinitive without the preposition "to":
                   
The basics


Advanced



Subjects



Topics



The phonetics of the letter

It's not the toys that are noisy - It's the boys!


What we might say is important. How we should say it is very important 
as well. 
The speech is a song. Between speeches, there's only talk of the practice.

The phonetic is the study of human being language's sounds.
The spoken language requires many features:
Pronunciation, stress, liking, rhythm and intonation.
 
The pronunciation refers to the voice and sound.
The stress emphasizes a syllable in a word or a word in a sentence.
Linking refers to connect words in the sentence soundly.
Rhythm is related to keeping the same time between stresses along 
the sentence.
Intonation gives a tone to a speech like a surprise, happiness, 
interrogation, etc.
This item is divided into:
            . The phonetics of the letter and
            . The phonetics of the word.


1. The phonetic of the letter:

The English alphabet contains 5 vowels and 21 consonants. But the spoken English distinguishes 46 different sounds. 22 vowels and 24 consonants. To indicate the pronunciation with much precision, we have got to use a special alphabet, which has a sign for each sound. This is the most used in English:

1.1- Consonants:

13 consonants with a normal sound:

b d f g h k l m n p r t v
Examples:
Blue - door - floor - got - hospital - keep - light - more - noun - put - regards - tea - voice

11 consonants with a particular sound:

VowelExamples
/ θ/ think
/ð/ then
/s/ see
/z/ zoo, please
/w/wait, why
/j/ young
/ŋ / song, rang, bank
/ʤ/ just, edge
/ʧ/child
/ ʒ/ vision, pleasure, measure
/ʃ/ship, sugar

1.2- vowels:

Short vowels:

We have 7:
VowelExamples
/ɪ/ bit, sit, fill
/e/ bed, less, head, any, guess, friend
/æ/ cat, apple, sat, sank, land, catch
/ɒ/ dog, stop, fond, wash, cough, watch, gone
/ʊ/ book, put, full, soot, could
/ʌ/bus, mother, cup, fun, come, touch, blood
/ə/ an, until, condition, above

Long vowels:

We have 5:
VowelExamples
/iː/ see, eat, feel, seize, deceive, these, people
/ɑː/ father, calm, class, laugh, heart, art
/ɔː/ born, talk, saw, law, ball, fall, warn, salt, taught, bore, door
/uː/moon, shoes, soup, fool, use, move, fruit, new, true, beauty, who, two
/ɜː/bird, girl, work, turn, heard, term, stern

Two vowels:(diphthongs)

We have 8:
VowelExamples
/eɪ/take, rain, way, grey, weigh, great, break
/aɪ/ fly, fine, light, buy, lie, high, bye, eye, find
/ɔɪ/ coin, boy, voice
/əʊ/coat, rose, throw, no, ago, sold, though, own, sew, both, most, owe
/aʊ/ now, house, sound, town, drought
/ɪə/ here, near, real, deer. dear, fierce
/ɛə/or /eə/chair, where, care, fair, tare, wear, their
/ʊə/ tourist, poor, cure, fewer, cruel, sure

Three vowels:

We have 2:
VowelExamples
/aʊə / flower, hour
/aɪə/fire, quiet
Keep in mind: j a c q
  • "j" is the sign of y (e. g. young, ... ),
  • "a" is not used alone,
  • "c"and "q" are not written as signs. They are related to the letter k.


Practice:

1- consonants:

/ʃ/ The sound [ʃ] is found in words with: sh - ti - ci - ssi - si - sci - ss - s - ch - ce - xi .
Examples:
Machine- sheets - shine - shell - sugar - sure - social - ancient - pension - issue - shrimp - anxious - conscious - delicious - ocean - discussion - luxurious - equation - appreciate - ... sh is always pronounced /ʃ/.
ch is almost always pronounced /ʧ/. Except:
Chicago and chef with the sound /ʃ/
Chemist, ache, stomach, character with the sound /k/ /s /
Examples:
Lease - price - process - advice - loose - choice - promise - ... /z /
Examples:
Advise - lose - rise - poss[z]ess[s] - cousin - husband - those - scissors - exam - example - exit - amazing - says - choose - chose - ... /ʒ/
Examples:
Television - treasure - casual - Asia - unusual - collision - measure - pleasure - occasion - invasion - leisurely - beige - seizure - division - decision - explosion - visual- ... /ʤ/
Examples:
procedure - just - edge - knowledge - adjective - adjust Education - individual - soldier - schedule - January - subject - injure - Bridge- - agency - general - passenger - engine - biology - gym - village - orange - language -dangerous - ... /ʧ/
Examples:
U: picture - century - actual
TI: suggestion
C: cello, concerto

2- Vowels:

2-1: Short vowels

/æ/ sound with "a"
Examples:
Apple - hat - family - bank - catch - that - man - cash - happened - grabbed - Saturday - manager - absolutely - exactly -pants - afternoon - plastic - bag - cat - sat - ... /ʌ/ with "u and o"
Examples:
Cup - love - much - lunch - understand - unhappy - uninteresting - nothing - cousin - honey - sunny - fun - shut - dumb - just - month - company - wonderful - does - flood - couple - touch - something - cut - mother - enough - bus - ... /ɪ/ with "i"
Examples:
Is - its - isnt - kid - bill - with - film - interesting - minute - six - fifty - begin - quick - bit - sit - ... /e/ with "e"
Examples:
Yes - Fred - left - spend - friend - shelf- help - yourself - jealous - ten - cents - any - ten - bed - everybody - everything - expensive - ... /ʊ/ with "o"
Examples:
Put - look - book - foot- took - cook - full - good - woods - football - cushions - could - should - room - sugar - woman - wool - stood - pull - full - soot - ...

2-2: Long vowels:

/ɔː/ with "a"
Examples:
All - ball - bald - jaw - law - saw - raw - thought - fault - morning - airport - reporter - awful - audience - walk - fall - always - toward - small - warm - wall - hall - call - floor - also - draw - bought - water - talk - ... /ɑː/ with "o"
Examples:
Job - hot - not - socks - shop - modern - popular - bottle - horrible - wash - want - boss - cough - dog - ... /uː/ with "ou, o, oo, oe, ue, u, "
Examples:
You - do - too - soon - shoes - blue - Peru - move - who - moon, soup, fool, ...
Examples:
/juː/ with "u" Tuesday - student - introduce - music - beauty - university - argue - cute - use - newspaper- ... /ɜː/ with "ir, ur, or, ear, er, or"
Examples:
Bird, turn, shirt, fur, word, work, burn, hurt, heard, Burn, girl - her, concern, thirsty, occur, third, were, Thursday, dirty, journey, herb, early, service, perfect, search, worse, nurse, stir, ....

2-3: Two vowels:

/ɔɪ/ with "oi and oy"
Examples:
Boy - enjoy - choice - noise - voice - annoyed - enjoy - spoil - destroy - toy - choice - avoid - employer - ... /aʊ/ with "ow and ou"
Examples:
How - now - brown - found - around - down - loudly - shouting - out - mouse - house - couch - town - hour - scout - thousand - noun - our - ...
But not in bowl, /eɪ/ with "ay - ey - ai - an - CaC- aCe(C: consonant & e: silent)"
Examples:
Say - hey - rain - change - late - paper - they - today - away - mistake - made - afraid - pain - paint - train - wait - straight - main - may - station - ages - April - eight - break - great
When a word ends in a silent e, the previous vowel is long. Bite [ay] - date [ey] - joke [ow] - lute [uw] - mete [iy] /aɪ/ with iCe (C: consonant, e: silent), i, igh, y, ie, yCe, ye:

Others sounds

iCe - Bike - kite - strike - vine - hide - like - time - drive - smile - ride - ice - nine - crime - write - fine - hike i- Hi - idea - Friday - exciting - final - bicycle - library child - find - climb - pint - mind - ninth - blind - silence behind - spider - island - isle - Ill - igh - high - light - night - right - bright - might y - cry - my - sky - fly - July - reply - psychologist - typist ie- die - pie - lie - tie - variety - diet yCe : type - rhyme - style - byte ye - eye - dye - bye Others: uy: buy - guy ei: height ai: aisle - Hawaii /əʊ/ with "o" No - ago - over - window - hello- throw - snow - open - dont - close - ok - joke - woke - coat - October - know - bowl - hole - soap - though - cold - older - rose Bird sound /ɜː/ Bird, turn, shirt, fur, word, work, burn, hurt, heard, Burn, girl her, concern, thirsty, occur, third, were, Thursday, dirty, journey, herb, early, service, perfect, search, worse, nurse stir,

3- Some particular cases:

3-1 The consonant C + vowels:

Pronounce [s] in words that begin in C + e or i:
Examples:
Century, celebrity, circle, ... Pronounce [k] if the letter C is followed by a, o, or u:
Examples:
Career - cool - curtain, ...

3-2 The letter G + vowels:

Pronounce [j] if the letter g is followed by e or i:
Examples:
Gerund, giraffe, garbage, Except: give, girl and gift (we pronounce [g]). If the letter g is followed by a, o, or u, we pronounce also [g]. Examples: Garage, goal, ...

Next: The phonetics of the word
Support The English Sentence:

Give a donation

 
Google
Web ScientificSentence
 



chimie
|
scientific sentence
|
java
|
php
|
green cat
|
contact
|


© Scientificsentence 2007. All rights reserved.