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Perl Sustitution and translation
Sustitution and translation



1. Sustitution

We the "s" function. Example: -------- $sentence= "Regards and have a nice day .. "; To replace a first occurrence of "have a nice day " by ". Take care.." in the string $sentence, we use the following expression: $sentence =~ s/have a nice day /. Take care../; Or omit the mach operator, use the $_ variable: $_ = "Regards and have a nice day .. "; And issue: s/have a nice day /. Take care../; The following program: $sentence= "Regards and have a nice day .. "; print "$sentence \n"; $sentence =~ s/ and have a nice day/. Take care/; print "$sentence \n"; $_ = "Regards and have a nice day .. "; s/ have a nice day/. Take care/; print "$sentence \n"; Outputs: Regards and have a nice day .. Regards. Take care .. Regards. Take care .. If we need to make substitution of more than one string, we use the global option "g": Example: $_ = "Regards and have a nice day .. "; print "$_\n"; s/a/A/; print "$_\n"; s/a/A/g; print "$_\n"; outputs: Regards and have a nice day .. RegArds and have a nice day .. RegArds And hAve A nice dAy .. ------------------ To ignore case, we ust "i" option: Example: $_ = "Regards And have A nice day .. "; print "$_\n"; s/A/a/g; print "$_\n"; s/a/--/gi; print "$_\n"; thet outputs: Regards And have A nice day .. Regards and have a nice day .. Reg--rds --nd h--ve -- nice d--y ..

2. Translation

The tr function translates character-by-character. Example: ------- The following statement replaces each a with x, each b with y, and each c with z in the variable $sentence. $sentence = "best regards .. "; $sentence =~ tr/abc/xyz/; print "$sentence \n"; outputs: yest regxrds .. The following statement returns the number of repeated character. $count = ($sentence =~ tr/e/e/); print "$count \n"; outputs 2
  
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