الجملة العلمية

كتابة الحــروف

كتابة الحــروف

Writing Arabic letters

شكل الحروف العربية

The form of the Arabic letters
The general form is:

ا ب ت ث ج ح خ
د ذ ر ز س ش ص
ض ط ظ ع غ ف ق
ك ل م ن ه و ي

It is the form used at
the end of a word (الحروف في آخر الكلمة).

Curvature of the letters:

The four letters ا ه ط ظ have no curvature (تقويس).
The letters ب ت ث ف ك have a small curvature.
The letters د ذ ر ز و have a very small curvature.
The other letters ج ح خ س ش ص ض ع غ ق ل م ن ي have a big curvature.

Pronunciation of the letters

The grave letters

خ ص ض غ ط ق ظ

The acute letters

They are the non grave.

The whistling letters

س ص ز

The accentuated letters

د ج ب ق ط

The hidden letters

(with breath)

ف ح ث ه ش خ ص س ك ت

Punctuation:
تنقيط - تشكيل

Using letters

The long (stretched): (3) مد

These three letters are consonants and the three principal long vowels (مد).

Using signs (علامات)

The signs play the role of vowels.

The short: (4)

الفتح - الضم - الكسر - السكون

The doubled:(3) تنوين
We find them at the end of the word only.

The intensified: (3) شدة

The lunar and solar letters :
الحروف الشًَّمسية و الحروف القَمرية

To define a noun, we add the identifier "the" (as a prefix) at the beginning of a word : ال

All the solar letters are intensified at the beginning of an identified word . The lunar letters are not.

Linking letters: ارتباط الحروف

The first letter ا linked to the long vowel ا becomes آ

All the letters can be linked; except the following:
ا د ذ ر ز و

Linked at the beginning or in the middle of a word, all the curved letters loose their curvature.
Example:
The letter ج becomes جـ in the beginning
and ـجـ in the middle of a word.

The curvatures remain at the end of words.

At the beginning of a word:

- The letter ك becomes كـ
- The letter ه becomes هـ
- The letter ي becomes يـ

In the middle of a word:

- The letter ع becomes ـعـ
- The letter غ becomes ـغـ
- The letter ه becomes ـهـ
- The letter ك becomes ـكـ
- The letter ي becomes ـيـ

At the end of of a word:

- The letter ع is written ــع
- The letter غ is written ــغ
- The letter ت is written as ـة at the end of feminine singular nouns ( تاء التأنيث الساكنة ).

Linking letters allows to build a word.