Applications
© The scientific sentence. 2010
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Ellipse-
Analytic Geometry..
1. Equation of an ellipse centred at (0,b)
The usual expression of the equation of an ellipse centred at the origin (0,0) of
the coordinates on x-axis and y-axis is:
x2/a2 + (y-b)2/b2 = 1.
Where b is the major diameter, and a the minor diameter.
Translated from (0,0) to (0,b), and rotated at 90 degrees ( to be
convenient to integrate), becomes:
x2/a2 + (y-b)2/b2 = 1.
2. The integral of this ellipse
I = ∫ x dy = a ∫ sqrt[1 - ((y-b)2/b2)] dy
y runs from 0 to m
Let's chamge the variable y as: (y - b)/b = t. Therefore:
I = a ∫ sqrt[1 - (t2)] b dt =
a b ∫ sqrt[1 - (t2)] dt
t runs from -1 to (m-b)/b
t = sin z, then dt = cos z
I = a b ∫ cos z cos z dz
= a b ∫ cos2 z dz =
(a b/2) ∫ (1 + cos 2z)/2 dz =
(a b/2) [ z + (1/2)sin 2z]
z runs from - π/2 to arcsin[(m-b)/b]
I = (a b/2) { arcsin[(m-b)/b] + π/2 + (1/2)sin 2[arcsin[(m-b)/b] - 0}
I = (ab/4){2arcsin[(m-b)/b]+π+sin (2[arcsin[(m-b)/b])}
Remark:
if m = 2b (above y-axis half) then:
I = (a b/4) { 2 (π/2) + π + sin 2[π/2] } =
I = (a b/4) { 2 (π/2) + π + 0 }
I = a b π/2
With the below y-axis half, we have the total area of the ellipse π ab.
Example of an elliptical storage tank:
To measure the volume of liquid in the tank, we use a depth gauge (measuring
stick) to determine the amount of liquid in the tank.
2b = h
2a = w
The area of the ellipse side is:
A = (hw/8) { 2 arcsin[(m-b)/b] + π + sin 2[arcsin[(m-b)/b] }
With a length l, we have the expression of the volume:
V = (hwl/8) { 2 arcsin[(m-b)/b] + π + sin 2[arcsin[(m-b)/b] }, in unit of
h, w, and l.
This is the volume of a liquid in a tank with length "l", width "w" and
depth "h". The area related to the width and depth is delimited by
an ellipse of major diameter 2b = h and minor diameter 2a = w
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